The Cleveland Commentary on Bible Chronology

The Cleveland Bible Commentary

Bible Chronology

By Syd Cleveland

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Note: some of the dates for kings may overlap because the succeeding king reigned a short time as co-regent.

4115 – 432 bc OLD TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY

4115 bc Assumed date of Creation Genesis 1:1-2:25

4061 bc Fall, Cain and Able Genesis 3:1-4:16

3985 bc Seth born Genesis 5:3

3880 bc Enos born Genesis 5:6

3790 bc Cainan born Genesis 5:9

3720 bc Mahalaleel born Genesis 5:12

3655 bc Jared born Genesis 5:15

3493 bc Enoch born Genesis 5:18

3428 bc Mathuselah born Genesis 5:21

3241 bc Lamech born Genesis 5:25

3059 bc Noah born Genesis 5:28

2459 bc Flood begins Genesis 5:32

2458 bc Noah leaves the ark Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:13-14

2456 bc Arphaxed born Genesis 11:10

2421 bc Salah born Genesis 11:12

2391 bc Eber born Genesis 11:14

2357 bc Peleg born Genesis 11:16

2327 bc Reu born Genesis 11:18

2295 bc Serug born Genesis 11:20

2265 bc Nahor born Genesis 11:22

2236 bc Terah born Genesis 11:24

2166 bc Abraham born Genesis 11:26

2091 bc Abraham leaves Haran Genesis 12:4

2080 bc Ishmael born Genesis 16:16

2066 bc Isaac born Genesis 21:5

2050 bc Abraham offers Isaac Genesis 22:2-19

2006 bc Jacob and Esau born Genesis 25:26

1991 bc Abraham dies Genesis 25:7-9

1929 bc Jacob flees to Haran Genesis 28:10

1915 bc Joseph born Genesis 47:9

1898 bc Joseph sold into Egypt Genesis 37:27-28

1886 bc Isaac dies Genesis 35:28-29

1876 bc Jacob goes to Egypt Genesis 41:46, 53; Genesis 45:6

1859 bc Jacob dies Genesis 47:28

1805 bc Joseph dies Genesis 49:33

1526 bc Moses born Genesis 50:22-26

1446 bc Exodus from Egypt Exodus 7:7

1446 – 30 ad Old Covenant with Israelites (begins at Sinai and ends at the cross)

Genesis written by Moses

Exodus written by Moses

Leviticus written by Moses

Numbers written by Moses

Deuteronomy written by Moses

1406 bc Moses dies, Joshua assumes leadership Deuteronomy 34:1-9

Joshua written by Joshua

1375 bc Joshua dies Joshua 24:29-30

1367 bc Othniel judges Judges 3:9

1309 bc Ehud judges Judges 3:15

1209 bc Deborah judges Judges 4:4

1162 bc Gideon judges Judges 6:14

1105 bc Samuel born 1 Samuel 1:20

1080 bc Saul born (later became Israelites’ first king)

1078 bc Jephthah judges Judges 11:11

1075 bc Samson judges Judges 15:20

1050 – 1010 bc Saul king of Israelites 1 Samuel 10:1; 1 Samuel 13:1

1040 bc David born

1025 bc David anointed to be king 1 Samuel 16:1-13

1010 – 970 bc David king 2 Samuel 5:4

991 bc Solomon born

980 bc David’s census 2 Samuel 24:1

970 bc Solomon king 1 Kings 11:42; 2 Chronicles 9:30

Job written

Ecclesiastes written by Solomon

Song of Songs written by Solomon

930 bc Kingdom Divided in Civil War 1 Kings 12:1-19

930 – 913 bc Rehoboam king of Judah 1 Kings 14:21

930 – 909 bc Jeroboam I king of Israel 1 Kings 15:25

913 - 910 bc Abijah king of Judah 1 Kings 15:1-8

910 – 869 bc Asa king of Judah 1 Kings 15:9-24

909 - 908 bc Nadab king of Israel 1 Kings 15:25-31

908 - 886 bc Baasha king of Israel 1 Kings 15:32 – 16:7

908 bc Jehu prophet in Israel 1 Kings 16:7

Judges written

` Ruth written

1 Samuel written

2 Samuel written

886 - 885 bc Elah king of Israel 1 Kings 16:8

885 bc Zimri king of Israel 1 Kings 16:15

885 – 880 bc Tibni king of Israel 1 Kings 16:21-22

885 – 874 bc Omri king of Israel 1 Kings 16:23

875 - 848 bc Elijah prophet in Israel 1 Kings chapter 17

874 - 853 bc Ahab king of Israel 1 Kings 16:29

872 - 848 bc Jehoshaphat king of Judah 1 Kings 22:41-50

855 - 840 bc Obadiah prophet in Judah Obadiah 1:1

853 -- 841 bc Jehoram king of Judah (co-regent with Jehoshaphat) 1 Kings 22:50;

2 Chronicles 21:1

852 -- 841 bc Joram king of Israel 2 Kings 3:1 – 2 Kings 8:15

850 bc Joel prophet in Judah Joel 1:1

Joel written by Joel

841 bc Ahaziah king of Judah 2 Kings 8:25-29; 2 Kings 9:29

848 – 797 bc Elisha prophet in Israel 2 Kings 2:9-12

841 – 814 bc Jehu king of Israel 2 Kings 9:30 – 2 Kings 10:36

841 - 835 bc Athaliah king of Judah 2 Kings chapter 11

835 - 786 bc Joash king of Judah 2 Kings 12:1; 2 Chronicles 24:1

814 – 798 bc Jehoahaz king of Israel 2 Kings 13:1-9

798 – 782 bc Jehoash king of Israel 2 Kings 13:10-25

796 – 767 bc Amaziah king of Judah 2 Kings 14:1-22

793 - 753 bc Jeroboam II king of Israel 2 Kings 14:23-29

793 – 740 bc Amos prophet in Israel Amos 1:1

Amos written by Amos

792 - 740 bc Azariah (Uzziah) king of Judah 2 Kings 15:1-7

785 - 775 bc Jonah prophet in Israel Jonah 1:1

Jonah written by Jonah

760 – 750 bc Amos prophet in Israel Amos 1:1

753 bc Zechariah king of Israel 2 Kings 15:8-12

752 bc Shallum king of Israel 2 Kings 15:13-15

752 - 742 bc Menahem rival king of Israel ruling in Samaria 2 Kings 15:16-22

752 – 740 bc Pekah king of Israel ruling in Gilead 2 Kings 15:27-31

750 - 715 bc Hosea prophet in Israel Hosea 1:1

Hosea written by Hosea

750 – 686 bc Micah prophet in Judah Micah 1:1

Micah written by Micah

750 – 735 bc Jotham king of Judah 2 Kings 15:32-38

745 – 727 bc Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria 2 Kings 15:29; 1 Chronicles 5:6

742 – 740 bc Pekahiah king of Israel 2 Kings 15:23-26

740 – 681 bc Isaiah prophet in Judah Isaiah 1:1

Isaiah written by Isaiah

740 bc King Uzziah died, Isaiah’s prophetic commission Isaiah 6:1

735 - 715 bc Ahaz king of Judah 2 Kings chapter 16

735 bc Syria and Israel invade Judah Isaiah 7:1

732 - 722 bc Hoshea king of Israel 2 Kings 15:30 – 2 Kings 17:41

732 bc Damascus conquered by Assyria

727 – 722 bc Shalmaneser V king of Assyria 2 Kings 17:3

722 bc Kingdom of Israel conquered by Assyria

Kingdom of Samaria conquered by Assyria

722 – 705 bc Sargon II king of Assyria Isaiah 20:1

721 – 710 bc Meroch-Baladan king of Babylon 2 Kings 20:12; Isaiah 39:1

715 - 686 bc Hezekiah king of Judah 2 Kings 18:1 – 2 Kings 20:21

Proverbs written (collected over many years)

711 bc Isaiah prophesies against Egypt and Cush Isaiah 20:1

705 – 681 bc Sennacherib king of Assyria 2 Kings 18:13

701 bc Assyria conquers Israel Isaiah 36:1

697 - 642 bc Manasseh king of Judah 2 Kings 21:1-18

681 bc Sennacherib murdered in his temple Isaiah 38:36-38

681 – 669 bc Esarhaddon king of Assyria Isaiah 38:38

670 bc Assyria colonizes Israel, resulting intermarriages creates the Samaritans

Isaiah 7:8

669 – 627 bc Ashurbanipal king of Assyria Ezra 4:10

642 – 640 bc Amon king of Judah 2 Kings 21:19-26

640 - 609 bc Josiah king of Judah 2 Kings 22:1 – 2 Kings 23:30

Zephaniah prophet in Judah

Zephaniah written by Zephaniah Zephaniah 1:1

626 - 585 bc Jeremiah prophet in Judah Jeremiah 1:2

Jeremiah written by Jeremiah

626 – 539 bc Babylonian Empire Rising

626 – 605 Nabopolassar king of Babylon

612 bc Nineveh conquered by Babylonians

Nahum prophet Nahum 1:1

Nahum written by Nahum

610 – 595 bc Neco king of Egypt Jeremiah 46:2

609 bc Jehoahaz king of Judah 2 Kings 23:31-33

End of Assyria

609 - 598 bc Jehoiakim king of Judah 2 Kings 23:34- 2 Kings 24:7

605 - 530 bc Daniel prophet of Judah in Babylon Daniel 1;1, 6

605 – 562 bc Nebuchadnezzar II king of Babylon Jeremiah 25:1

605 bc Jeremiah predicts 70 years of captivity Jeremiah 25:1-14

Jeremiah’s message to Baruch Jeremiah 45:1-5

Egypt defeated by Babylon at Carchemish Jeremiah 46:2

Habakkuk prophet in Judah Habakkuk 1:1

Habakkuk written by Habakkuk

604 bc Nebuchadnezzar’s dream Daniel chapter 2

600 bc Obadiah prophet in Israel

Obadiah written by Obadiah Obadiah 1:1

598 – 597 bc Jehoiachin king of Judah 2 Kings 24:8-17

597 - 586 bc Zedekiah king of Judah 2 Kings 24:18 – 2 Kings 25:26

593 - 571 bc Ezekiel prophet in Judah Ezekiel 1:1-2

593 bc Ezekiel’s 1^st vision July 31 Ezekiel 1:1-2; 3:16

Jeremiah denounces false prophet Hananiah Jeremiah 28:1-17

592 bc Ezekiel transported to Jerusalem September 17 Ezekiel 8:1

591 bc Recitation of Israel’s history August 14 Ezekiel 20:1-2

588 bc Beginning of siege January 15 Ezekiel 24:1; 2 Kings 25:1

587 – 586 bc Oracle against Tyre April 23 to April 13 Ezekiel 26:1

587 bc Oracle against Egypt January 7 Ezekiel 29:1

Oracle against Pharaoh April 29 Ezekiel 30:20

Oracle against Pharaoh June 21 Ezekiel 31:1

586 – 585 bc Egypt dead April 13 to April 1 Ezekiel 32:17

586 bc Babylonians conquer Jerusalem on July 18, 586 bc after 2 ½ year siege

2 Kings 24:18 – 2 Kings 25:21, 27-30; Jeremiah 39:1-2;

Jeremiah 52:1-27

Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem burned by Babylonians on August 14, 586 bc

2 Kings 25:8-9

Jews assassinate governor Gedaliah in October, 586 bc 2 Kings 25:22-26;

Jeremiah 41:1-15

Lamentations written by Jeremiah

585 bc First captives from Jerusalem arrive in Babylon on January 8, 585 bc

Ezekiel 33:21

Lament over Pharaoh March 3 Ezekiel 32:1

573 bc Vision of the future April 28 Ezekiel 40:1

“14^th year after the fall of the city”

571 bc Egypt in exchange for Tyre April 26 Ezekiel 29:17

Ezekiel written by Ezekiel

562 bc Nebuchadnezzar dies

553 bc Belshazzar king of Babylon Daniel 7:1

551 bc Belshazzar’s “third year” Daniel 8:1

550 bc 1 Kings written

2 Kings written

539 bc Babylon captured by Cyrus October 12, 539 bc Daniel 1:21; 5:30

End of Babylon,

539 – 330 bc Medo-Persia Empire Rising

539 bc Darius king of Babylon Daniel 9:1

538 bc Cyrus’s first year as king of Medo-Persia (March 24 to March 11 537 bc)

Ezra 1:1-4

Zerubbabel leads Jews back to Jerusalem Ezra 2:1-2

537 bc 1^st return of Jews to Jerusalem under Sheshbazzar Ezra 1:11

Altar built in seventh month Ezra 3:1

536 bc Work on Jerusalem temple begins in second month Ezra 3:8

536 – 530 bc Construction opposed during Cyrus’s reign Ezra 4:1-5

530 – 520 bc Work on temple stopped Ezra 4:24

Daniel written by Daniel

530 – 522 bc Cambyses king of Medo- Persia Daniel 11:2

522 bc Pseudo-Smerdis (Gaumata) king of Medo-Persia Daniel 11:2

522 – 486 Darius I king of Medo-Persia Daniel 11:2

520 bc Work on temple resumes September 21 under Darius Ezra 5:2; Haggai 1:14

Haggai prophet in exile

Haggai written by Haggai Haggai 1:1

Haggai’s first message (Haggai 1:1-11; Ezra 5:1), August 29, 520 bc

Construction of the temple at Jerusalem resumed September 21, 520 bc

Haggai’s second message (Haggai 2:1-9), October 17, 520 bc

Haggai’s third message (Haggai 2:10-19), December 18, 520 bc

Haggai’s fourth message (Haggai 2:20-23), December 18, 520 bc

520 – 480 bc Zechariah prophet in Judah (begins preaching in October/November) Zechariah 1:1

Zechariah written by Zechariah

Zechariah’s eight night visions (Zechariah 1:7 – 6:8), February 15, 519 bc

Joshua crowned (Zechariah 6:9-15), February 16, 519 bc

Call for repentance (Zechariah chapters 7-8), December 7, 518 bc

Zechariah’s final prophecy (Zechariah chapters 9-14), after 480 bc

519 – 518 bc Tattenai’s letter to Darius regarding the rebuilding of the temple (Ezra 5:3 – 6:14)

516 bc Temple completed March 12 Ezra 6:15

486 - 465 bc Xerxes I (Ahasuerus) king of Medo-Persia Daniel 11:2

464 – 423 bc Artaxerxes I king of Medo-Persia Ezra 4:7

460 bc Esther written

458 bc Ezra leaves Babylon for Jerusalem April 8, 458 bc Ezra 7:6-9

Ezra arrives in Jerusalem August 4, 458 bc Ezra 7:8-9

Citizens of Jerusalem assemble December 19, 458 bc Ezra 10:9

Committee investigation begins December 29, 458 bc Ezra 10:16

457 bc Committee ends investigation March 27, 457 bc Ezra 10:17

450 bc 1 Chronicles written

2 Chronicles written

445 – 444 bc Artaxerxes I’s twentieth year (April 13 to April 2) Nehemiah 1:1

445 bc Nehemiah approaches king on first month (March-April) Nehemiah 2:1

Nehemiah arrives in Jerusalem in August Nehemiah 2:11

Wall completed October 2 Nehemiah 6:15

Citizens assemble October 8 to November 5 Nehemiah 7:73-8:1

Feast of Tabernacles celebrated October 22-28 Nehemiah 8:14

Fasting on October 30 Nehemiah 9:1

440 - 430 bc Malachi prophet in Judah Malachi 1:1

440 bc Ezra written by Ezra

Nehemiah written by Nehemiah Nehemiah 1:1

433/432 bc Artaxerxes 32^nd year (April 1 to April 19) Nehemiah 5:14; 13:6

Malachi written by Malachi Malachi 1:1

432 – 5 bc BETWEEN THE TESTAMENTS

432 bc Nehemiah leads Jews back to Jerusalem Nehemiah 2:1-9

423 – 404 bc Darius II (Nothus) king of Medo-Persia Nehemiah 12:22

404 – 359 bc Artaxerxes II (Mnemon) king of Medo-Persia

400 - 330 bc Persians control Palestine

359 – 338 bc Artaxerxes III (Ochus) king of Medo-Persia

338 – 336 bc Arses king of Medo-Persia

336 – 331 bc Darius III (Codomanus) king of Medo-Persia

331 – 323 bc Alexander of Macedon king of Medo-Persia

330 – 63 bc Greek Empire Rising

Greeks control Palestine

312 – 281 bc Seleucus I (Nicator) king of Syria

281 – 261 bc Antiochus I (Sotar) king of Syria

261 – 246 bc Antiochus II (Theos) king of Syria

246 – 226 bc Seleucus II king of Syria

226 – 223 bc Seleucus III (Sotar) king of Syria

223 – 187 bc Antiochus III (the Great) king of Syria

200 bc Psalms written in final form (collected over man centuries)

198 bc Antiochus III defeats Egypt and controls Palestine

175 – 164 bc Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) king of Syria

168 bc Antiochus IV erects pagan altar in Jerusalem on December 4, 168 bc

Maccabean revolt begins (Mattathias and sons)

167 – 63 bc Syrians/Seleucids control Palestine, wars for Jewish Independence

166 – 160 bc Judas Maccabeus leads revolt against Greeks/Seleucids

165 bc Temple at Jerusalem rededicated on December 14, 165 bc

160 – 143 bc Jonathan is High Priest

142 bc Tower at Jerusalem cleansed

142 – 134 bc Simon High Priest

134 – 104 bc John Hyrcanus enlarges independent Jewish state

103 bc Aristobulus rules Palestine

102 – 76 bc Alexander Janneus rules Palestine

75 – 67 bc Salome Alexandra rules Palestine

John Hyrcanus II High Priest

66 – 63 bc Battle between Aristobulous II and Hyrcanus II

63 bc Pompey invades Palestine

63 bc Roman Empire Rising

Rome controls Palestine to the end of the New Testament and beyond

63 – 40 bc Hyrcanus II rules Palestine subject to Rome

40 – 37 bc Parthians conquer Jerusalem

37 bc Jerusalem besieged for six months

37 – 4 bc Herod the Great rules Palestine (subject to Rome) Matthew 2:1

32 bc Herod defeated

27 bc – 14 ad Roman Emperor Augustus rules Luke 2:1

19 bc Herod’s temple begun at Jerusalem John 2:20

16 bc Herod visits Agrippa

6 bc Birth of Jesus Christ December 25 (Bethlehem) Matthew 1:18-25; Luke 2:1-7

Mattathias ben Theophilus High Priest (assumed)

5 bc Birth of Saul (the Apostle Paul) Acts 22:3

5 bc – 100 ad NEW TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY

4 bc Magi visit Jesus, escape to Egypt (Nile delta) Matthew 2:13-18

Herod the Great dies Matthew 2:15

4 bc – 39 ad Herod Antipas rules Palestine Luke 23:7

Joazar ben Boethus High Priest (few months)

Eleazar ben Boethus High Priest (few months)

3 bc Joshua ben Sie High Priest

2 bc Jesus returns to Nazareth Matthew 2:19-23

5 ad Jesus, age 23, visits temple Luke 2:41-52

6 ad Annas I (Ananus ben Seth) is High Priest Luke 3:2; John 18:13

Roman Procurators begin ruling Palestine

14 ad Roman Emperor Augustus dies

14 – 37 ad Roman Emperor Tiberius rules Luke 3:1

15 ad Ishmael ben Fabus High Priest (2^nd term in 56 ad?)

16 ad Eleazar ben Ananus High Priest

17 ad Simon ben Camithus High Priest (few months)

Joseph Caiaphas High Priest (holds office until 36 ad) Matthew 26:3

26 – 36 ad Pontius Pilate governs Palestine for the Romans Matthew 27:2

John the Baptist begins his ministry Matthew 3:1; Luke 3:1

Jesus baptized at Jordan River Mat. 3:13-17; Mar 1:9-11; Luke 3:21-23;

John 1:29-39

Jesus tempted by Satan Mat 4:1-11; Mark 1:12-13; Luke 4:1-13

Jesus begins His ministry Matthew 4:12-17

Jesus’ 1^st miracle (Cana) John 2:1-11

27 ad John the Baptist is imprisoned by Herod Antipas Matthew 14:3

Jesus cleanses temple in Jerusalem John 2:14-22

Nicodemus speaks with Jesus (Jerusalem) John 3:1-21

Jesus speaks with Samaritan woman (Samaria) John 4:5-42

Jesus heals nobleman’s son (Cana) John 4:46-54

People of Nazareth try to kill Jesus Luke 4:16-31

Four fishermen become Jesus’ followers (Capernaum) Mat 4:18-22; Mk 1:16-20

Luke 5:1-11

Jesus heals Peter’s mother-in-law (Capernaum) Mar 8:14-17; Mk 1:29-34;

Luke 4:38-41

Jesus begins 1^st preaching tour (Galilee) Mat 4:23-25; Mk 1:35-39;

Luke 4:42-44

Matthew the Tax Collector becomes a disciple (Capernaum) Mat 9:9-13;

Mark 2:13-17; Luke 5:27-32

28 ad John the Baptist martyred by Herod Antipas Mat 14:1-12; Mark 6:14-29;

Luke 9:7-9

Jesus chooses the 12 disciples Mark 3:13-19; Luke 6:12-15

The Sermon on the Mount Mat 5:1-7:29; Luke 6:20-49

Jesus anointed by sinful woman (Capernaum) Luke 7:36-50

Jesus begins 2^nd preaching tour (Galilee) Luke 8:1-3

Jesus tells parables about the kingdom Mat 13:1-52; Mark 4:1-34;

Luke 8:4-18

Jesus calms the storm (Sea of Galilee) Mat 8:23-27; Mark 4:35-41;

Luke 8:22-25

Jairus’s daughter raised from the dead (Capernaum) Mat 9:18-26;

Mark 5:21-43; Luke 8:40-56

Jesus sends out 12 disciples to preach and heal Mat 9:35-11:1;

Mark 6:6-13; Luke 9:1-6

29 ad Jesus feeds 5,000 (Bethsaida) Mat 14:13-21; Mark 6:30-44;

Luke 9:10-17; John 6:1-14

Jesus walks on water (Galilee) Mat 14:22-23; Mark 6:45-52;

John 6:16-21

Jesus withdraws to Tyre and Sidon Mat 15:21-28; Mark 7:24-30

Jesus feeds 4,000 Mat 15:32-39; Mark 8:1-9

Peter says Jesus is the Son of God Mat 16:13-20; Mark 8:27-30;

Luke 9:18-21

Jesus tells disciples He will die soon (Caesarea Philippi) Mat 16:21-26;

Mark 8:31-37; Luke 9:22-25

Jesus is transfigured Mat 17:1-13; Mark 9:2-13; Luke 9:28-36

Jesus pays His temple taxes (Capernaum) Mat 17:24-27

Jesus attends the Feast of Tabernacles (October in Jerusalem)

John 7:11-52

Jesus heals a blind man (Jerusalem) John 9:1-41

Jesus visits Mary and Martha (Bethany) Luke 10:38-42

Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead (winter in Bethany) John 11:1-44

30 ad Jesus’ last trip to Jerusalem Luke 17:11

Jesus blesses the children Mat 19:13-15; Mark 1013-16; Luke 18:15-17

Jesus talks to rich young man Mat 19:16-30; Mark 10:17-31; Luke 18:18-30

Jesus speaks again about His death and resurrection Mat 20:17-19;

Mark 10:32-34; Luke 18:31-34

Jesus heals blind Bartimaeus (Jericho) Mat 20:29-34; Mark 10:46-52;

Luke 18:35-43

Jesus talks to Zachaeus (Jericho) Luke 19:1-10

Jesus returns to visit Mary and Martha (Bethany) John 11:55-12:1

Triumphal Entry, Sunday, April 2, 30 ad (Jerusalem) Mat 21:1-11;

Mark 11:1-10; Luke 19:29-44; John 12:12-19

Jesus curses the fig tree, Monday, April 3, 30 ad Mat 21:18-19;

Mark 11:12-14

Jesus cleanses the temple for the second time, Monday, April 3, 30 ad

(Jerusalem) Mat 21:12-13; Mark 11:15-18

Jesus’ authority questioned, Tuesday, April 4, 30 ad (Jerusalem)

Mat 21:23-27; Mark 11:27-33; Luke 20:1-8

Jesus teaches in the temple, Tuesday, April 4, 30 ad (Jerusalem)

Mat 21:28-23:39; Mark 12:1-44; Luke 20:9-21:4

Jesus anointed, Tuesday, April 4, 30 ad (Bethany) Mat 26:6-13;

Mark 14:3-9; John 12:2-11

Plotting against Jesus, Wednesday, April 5, 30 ad (Jerusalem)

Mat 26:14; Mark 14:10-11; Luke 22:3-6

The Last Supper, Thursday evening, April 6, 30 ad (Jerusalem)

Mat 26:17-29; Mark 14:12-25; Luke 22:7-20; John 13:1-38

Gethsemane, very late Thursday evening, April 6, 30 ad (Jerusalem)

Mat 26:36-46; Mark 14:32-42; Luke 22:40-46

Jesus’ arrest and trial(s), very late Thursday night and early Friday morning, April

7, 30 ad (Jerusalem) Mat 26:47-27:26; Mark 14:43-15:5;

Luke 22:47-23:25; John 18:2-19:16

Jesus Christ’s Crucifixion, from noon to 3 pm, Friday afternoon, April 7, 30 ad

(Golgotha) Mat 27:27-56; Mark 15:16-41; Luke 23:26-49;

John 19:17-30

Old Covenant with Israelites ends with Jesus’ sacrificial death as

the sinless Lamb of God

Jesus Christ’s burial in Joseph’s tomb, just before sunset, late Friday afternoon,

April 7, 30 ad (outside Jerusalem) Mat 27:57-66; Mark 15:42-47;

Luke 23:50-56; John 19:31-42

Jesus Christ’s Resurrection, before sunrise on Sunday, April 9, 30 ad (outside

Jerusalem) Mat 28:1-10; Mark 16:1-8; Luke 24:1-12; John 20:1-10

New Covenant with all people begins at Christ’s resurrection

from death as the victorious Son of God (New Covenant

ends at His second coming)

Mary Magdalene see Jesus alive, Sunday morning, April 9, 30 ad (near the tomb)

Mark 16:9-11; John 20:11-18

Jesus walks with two disciples going to Emmaus, Sunday morning, April 9, 30 ad

Mark 16:12-13; Luke 24:13-35

Jesus appears to Peter, Sunday, April 9, 30 ad Luke 24:34; 1 Corinthians 15:5

Jesus appears to 10 disciples in the upper room Sunday evening, April 9, 30 ad

(Jerusalem) Mark 16:14; Luke 24:36-43; John 20:19-25

Jesus appears to 11 disciples in the upper room, Monday evening, April 17, 30

ad (Jerusalem) John 20:26-31

Jesus talks with some disciples at the Sea of Galilee, Monday, April 24, 30 ad

John 21:1-25

Jesus later appeared to 11 disciples on a mountain in Galilee

Matthew 28:16-20; Mark 16:15-18

Jesus later appeared to 500 of his disciples, and to James, 1 Corinthians 15:6-7

Jesus ascended to heaven from the Mount of Olives in full view of His

disciples, Thursday, May 18, 30 ad (Bethany) Mat 28:16-20;

Mark 16:19-20; Luke 24:44-53; Acts 1:1-12

Disciples wait ten days for the Holy Spirit to come at Pentecost Acts 1:1-26

Pentecost, Sunday, May 28, 30 ad (Jerusalem) Acts 2:1-13

Christian Church is set up Acts 2:40-47

35 ad First persecutions of the Church, Stephen martyred Acts 4:1-22; 5:21-42; 7:1-60

Philip at Samaria Acts 8:4-13

Jesus appears to Paul and converts him at Damascus Acts 9:1-22

35 – 38 ad Paul being taught in Arabia Galatians 1:17; Acts 9:23

36 ad Jonathan ben Ananus High Priest (2^nd term begins in 44 ad)

37 ad Roman Emperor Tiberius dies

37 – 41 ad Roman emperor Caligula rules

Herod Agrippa I rules Palestine

Theophilus ben Ananus High Priest

38 ad Paul visits Jerusalem for two weeks Acts 9:26-29: Galatians 1:18-19

38 – 42 ad Paul ministers in Syria and Cilicia Acts 9:30; Galatians 1:21

39 ad Herod Antipas dies

40 – 43 ad Peter converting Gentiles Acts 9:1 – Acts 11:18

41 ad Roman Emperor Caligula dies

41 – 54 ad Roman Emperor Claudius rules

Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus High Priest

43 ad Church started at Antioch Acts 11:19-30

Matthias ben Ananus High Priest (few months)

Aljoneus High Priest

43/44 ad Paul helps believers during a great famine Acts 11:27-30; 12:25;

Galatians 2:1-10

44 ad King Herod Agrippa I dies Acts 12:19-23

King Herod Agrippa II rules Palestine

Jonathan ben Ananus High Priest (2^nd term is just few months)

Josephus ben Camydus High Priest

44/45 ad Apostle James (brother of John and son of Zebedee) beheaded Acts 12:2

Peter imprisoned and rescued Acts 12:3 – Acts 12:19

46 – 48 ad 1^st Missionary Journey: Paul, Barnabas, John Mark Acts 12:24 – Acts 14:28

46 ad Ananias ben Nebedeus High Priest

47 ad Ananias High Priest Acts 23:2; Acts 24:1

49/50 ad Council at Jerusalem establishes that Christianity is not a sect of Judaism,

Christians live under New Covenant and not under the Old Covenant

Acts 15:1-35

James written by James the brother of Jesus

Gospel of Matthew written by Matthew the Tax Collector

50 – 52 ad 2^nd Missionary Journey: Paul, Silas Acts 15:36 – Acts 18:22

51 ad 1 Thessalonians written by Paul from Corinth

52 ad 2 Thessalonians written by Paul from Corinth; Paul appears before Gallio

Acts 18:12-17

Jonathan High Priest

52 – 59 ad Felix procurator of Palestine for Romans Acts 23:26

53 – 57 ad Paul ministers at Ephesus, 3^rd Missionary Journey

54 ad Roman Emperor Claudius dies

54 – 68 ad Roman Emperor Nero rules

54 – 56 ad 3^rd Missionary Journey, Paul stays at Ephesus Acts 18:23 – Acts 19:41

Revelation written by the Apostle John, son of Zebedee, brother of James

55 ad 1 Corinthians written by Paul from Ephesus

56 ad Galatians written by Paul

2 Corinthians written by Paul from Macedonia

Ishmael ben Fabus High Priest (1^st term in 15 ad, or two men with same name)

57 ad Romans written by Paul, Paul visits Corinth the second time

Gospel of John written by John “the disciple whom Jesus loved”

58 ad Paul arrested at Jerusalem Acts 20:1 – Acts 23:32

58 – 59 Paul imprisoned in Caesarea Acts 23:23-26:32

59 – 62 ad Festus procurator of Palestine for the Romans Acts 24:27

59 ad Gospel of Luke written by Luke the physician

Paul sent to Rome, shipwrecked, 3 months on Malta Acts 27:1 – 28:14

60 ad Paul arrives at Rome, under house arrest Acts 28:15-31

Ephesians written by Paul from Rome

Colossians written by Paul from Rome

Philemon written by Paul from Rome

61 ad Philippians written by Paul from Rome

62 ad 1 Peter written by Peter

James, brother of Jesus, martyred by order of the High Priest

Paul acquitted at Rome and released

Acts written by Luke the physician

Hebrews written by Barnabas or Apollos

Joseph Cabi ben Simon High Priest

63 – 67 ad Paul preaches in Spain, Greece, Asia Romans 15:28; Titus 1:5

63 ad Ananus ben Ananus High Priest (few months)

Joshua ben Damneus High Priest (few months)

Joshua ben Gamaliel High Priest

64 ad Jude written by Jude (Hebrew: “Judah”; Greek: “Judas”) the brother of Jesus

65 ad Mattathias ben Theophilus High Priest

66/67 ad 2 Peter written by Peter

1 Timothy written by Paul from Philippi

Titus written by Paul from Philippi

Gospel of Mark written by John Mark (who deserted Paul and Barnabas)

67 ad Peter crucified at Rome, Paul arrested at Nicopolis in Epirus and taken to Rome

2 Timothy written by Paul from the Mamertime dungeon in Rome 2 Tim 4:6-8

Phannias ben Samuel High Priest

68 ad Roman Emperor Nero dies

Paul tried at Rome under Nero and beheaded 2 Timothy 4:7-8

69 ad Roman Emperors Galba, Otho, Vitellius rule in very short succession

69 – 79 ad Roman Emperor Vespasian rules

70 ad Jerusalem destroyed by Romans (Matthew 24:15-22)

(Josephus states this ends the 2300 “evening mornings” of

Daniel 8:14)

79 ad Roman Emperor Vespasian dies

79 ad – 81 ad Roman Emperor Titus rules

81 ad Roman Emperor Titus dies

81 ad – 96 ad Roman Emperor Domitian rules

85 ad Gospel of John written by John (a first cousin of Jesus)

88 ad 1 John written by John (a first cousin of Jesus)

2 John written by John (a first cousin of Jesus)

3 John written by John (a first cousin of Jesus)

96 ad Roman Emperor Domitian dies

96 – 98 ad Roman Emperor Nerva rules

99 ad Apostle John dies of old age at Ephesus

100 ad King Herod Agrippa II dies

Sydney Cleveland, 172 Suncrest Drive, Greenwood, IN 46143 317 885-8122

scleveland@prodigy.net

Permission to use The Cleveland Bible Commentary in your personal study is freely given, however this Commentary is not in the public domain. The author retains all copyrights © and ownership of this commentary, world wide. This means you cannot copy, revise, change, republish, or distribute The Cleveland Bible Commentary in any way, including electronically, except as provided here. Nor may you use it in any manner other than for your own personal study, except as stated here, without my written permission. You may quote from The Cleveland Bible Commentary in materials used in your personal teaching at educational institutions, including churches and Bible classes sponsored by your church, as long as the quotation does not exceed twenty-five percent of the entire Cleveland Bible Commentary verse notes on any single chapter. For example, this means if I comment on twenty-four verses in Matthew chapter 19, you may directly quote my comments on six verses of your choice in Matthew 19 without requesting permission.

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